이 페이지의 주제:
미성년자의 후견
Guardianship is a legal process where the court appoints a person to manage a minor’s personal affairs (non-financial decisions), financial affairs, or both. The court can appoint one person to manage the minor’s personal affairs and another to manage the minor’s financial affairs. The court can also appoint two people as co-guardians to share the guardianship responsibilities. The court is the ultimate guardian and will monitor the guardianship.
규칙을 읽으십시오: 메릴랜드주 규정, 타이틀 10
Some people think of guardianship as a subset of custody. Specifically, some consider guardianship to be a less intrusive alternative to custody for accomplishing certain purposes. While both aim to ensure minors' well-being, custody and guardianship are two different legal processes with different responsibilities, procedures, and rights. If you are not sure which option is best for your situation, talk to an attorney.
가디언의 종류
사람의 수호자 – A guardian of the person takes care of the minor’s personal and physical needs. This includes providing for everyday needs, such as food, clothing, housing, education, health, and social decisions. This can also include arranging for the minor's home health care and services.
The guardian of the person advocates for the minor and acts in the minor’s best interests. The court order will have specific information about the guardian’s responsibilities and powers. Read the Rule: Md. Rules: Title 10, Ch. 200
재산의 후견인 – 재산 후견인은 미성년자의 재정 문제를 관리하고 미성년자에게 최선의 이익이 되는 재정 결정을 내립니다. 재정적 결정의 예로는 소득 징수, 혜택 신청, 재산 관리, 청구서 지불 등이 있습니다. 법원 명령에는 후견인의 책임과 권한에 대한 구체적인 정보가 포함되어 있습니다. Read the Rule: Md. Rules: Title 10, Ch. 300
개인 및 재산의 후견인 – The court can appoint one person to manage the minor's personal and financial affairs.
주의 사항: A minor who is 14 years old and older may choose their guardian. If the court finds that the appointment of the minor’s choice of guardian is not in the minor’s best interest, the court may choose a different guardian.
법률 읽기: Md. Code, 부동산 및 신탁 §§ 13-201, 13-702
대기 후견인
A standby guardian is a person appointed by a parent of a minor to take care of that minor in the event that the parent becomes:
- 사망했거나 정신적으로 무능력한 사람
- 질병이나 부상으로 인해 쇠약해진 상태
- Subject to adverse immigration action
Guardianship does not constitute custody. At least one parent must consent to the appointment. A parent may revoke their consent to the standby guardianship at any time. Parents do not lose their parental rights at any time. Learn more about standby guardianship.
Read the Rule: Md. Rules: Title 10, Ch. 400
관심자
In guardianship cases, interested persons are people affected when the court appoints a guardian for another person or anybody who has assumed responsibility for the minor or disabled person. They may petition for guardianship and can help the court by being the “eyes and ears” in a guardianship case. The court recognizes legally defined classes of people as interested persons, which include:
- The minor or disabled person
- 학부모
- 성인 어린이
- 형제 자매
- Grandchildren.
- 배우자
- 다른 친척
Government agencies paying benefits to the minor or (alleged) disabled person are also interested persons such as:
- 사회 보장 행정
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs;
- Any person with an interest in the minor or (alleged) disabled person’s property;
- Others considered appropriate by the court.
An interested person is entitled to certain court notifications and may become involved in the case. The notification requirement can be waived. Learn more about the role of the interested person.
법원 절차
To obtain guardianship of a minor, you should file a petition for guardianship in the name of the minor. Guardianship forms and instructions can be found on the 메릴랜드 법원 웹사이트.
The procedure to obtain guardianship of a minor is essentially the same as the procedure to obtain guardianship of an alleged disabled person. 성인 후견인 자격을 얻는 과정에 대해 자세히 알아보세요..
However, there are some differences between the process and procedures for guardianship of a minor versus an alleged disabled adult. Below are some examples. This is a partial list. You should carefully review the Maryland Rules, which are the rules of procedure you must follow for the guardianship proceeding.
- 부모의 동의 – If possible, each parent’s consent must be obtained. If you are unable to obtain consent because you are unable to contact, locate, or identify either parent, then you must file an affidavit with the court that describes your attempts to contact, locate, or identify the parents.
- Multiple Minors- 일반적으로 미성년자별로 별도의 청원서를 제출해야 합니다. 그러나 청원서에는 두 명 이상의 유사한 상황에 있는 친형제자매에 대한 후견인 요청이 포함될 수 있습니다. 각 형제자매에 대해 별도의 후견 명령이 있다는 점에 유의하십시오.
- 청원서 양식 – 미성년자 후견 청원 양식은 장애가 있는 것으로 추정되는 성인의 후견 청원 양식이나 청원서와 다릅니다.
규칙을 읽어보십시오: Md. 규칙 제목 10, 장 100, 장 200및 장 300
교육 및 보고 요구 사항
Prospective guardians must meet orientation requirements and watch 메릴랜드 법원 웹사이트에 있는 이 비디오. After watching the entire video, you will need to complete a certificate of completion and file it with the court. More information, including a link to the 인증서 양식이다 메릴랜드 법원 웹사이트에서 확인 가능.
Once you have been appointed the guardian of the person and/or the guardian of the property of a minor, you must complete a training program. This program may be offered in person or online. Contact the court that appointed you as guardian for information about the training requirement.
In addition to training requirements, you have ongoing reporting and record keeping requirements. For example, guardians of the property must file an initial inventory with the court within 60 days of appointment. The inventory must list all assets and income in the guardianship estate at the time you were appointed. You must also file an annual Fiduciary Account with the court.
귀하의 후견 명령을 주의 깊게 읽으십시오. 지속적인 교육 및 보고 요구 사항에 대한 광범위한 정보는 다음과 같습니다. 메릴랜드 법원 웹사이트에서 확인 가능.