이 페이지의 주제:
미성년자의 후견
후견은 양육권과 같은 것입니까?
No. Although there can be some overlap in the types of powers and responsibilities, guardianship and custody are two different legal processes with different powers and responsibilities. Talk to an attorney to determine which option is best for your situation. Learn about child custody in Maryland.
후견은 친족 보호와 같은 것입니까?
No. In Maryland, a person assuming care of a relative’s child is referred to as a kinship caregiver. Kinship care can be either formal or informal. Guardianship is a legal process where the court appoints a person to manage a minor’s personal affairs, financial affairs, or both. Learn about kinship care in Maryland.
미성년자 부모의 유언에 따라 미성년 후견인으로 선임된 경우에는 어떻게 되나요?
이를 유언후견이라고 하며 법원이 후견인을 선정하는 것과는 다릅니다. 합의나 법원 명령에 의해 금지되지 않는 한, 미성년 자녀의 생존 부모는 미성년자의 한 명 이상의 후견인(및 후임 후견인)을 지정할 수 있습니다. 유언 후견인의 경우, 법원은 후견인을 승인하거나 자격을 부여할 필요가 없습니다.
Read the law: Md. Code, Estates and Trusts Article § 13-701
미성년자 후견인 신청
이해관계자는 누구인가요?
In guardianship cases, interested persons are people affected when the court appoints a guardian for another person or anybody who has assumed responsibility for the minor or disabled person.
Only interested parties can petition for guardianship of a minor and ask the court to address problems with the minor’s guardianship. An interested party also has certain notification rights. Learn more about interested parties.
미성년자가 후견인을 선택할 수 있나요?
If the minor is at least 14 years old - The court will appoint the person designated by the minor as long as the person is otherwise qualified, unless the appointment would not be in the minor’s best interests.
If the minor is at least 16 years old - As long as the person is otherwise qualified, the minor can designate a guardian of the property. In that case, the court is not bound to appoint that person.
Read the law: Md. Code, Estates and Trusts Article § 13-702
Read the rule: Md. Rule 10-201, 규칙 10-301 (마)
미성년자는 자신의 변호사를 선임하게 됩니까?
A minor can have their own attorney. If the minor is not represented by an attorney, the court may appoint an attorney for the minor. However, there is no strict requirement that a minor have their own attorney or that the court appoint an attorney for them. Whether an attorney is appointed by the court will depend on the specific facts of your situation.
Read the rule: Md. Rule 10-106
형사 유죄판결을 받은 경우에는 어떻게 되나요? 그래도 미성년자의 후견인으로 선임될 수 있나요?
Unless you can show the court good cause, the court may not appoint you as the guardian of the person of a minor if you have been convicted of:
- 중범죄
- 폭력범죄
- assault in the second degree
- a sexual offense in the third or fourth degree
- attempted rape or sexual offense in the third or fourth degree,
A crime of violence is defined by § 14-101 of the Criminal Law Article of the Maryland Code.
Additionally, the court may not appoint you as guardian of the property of a minor if you have been convicted of a crime that reflects badly on your honesty, trustworthiness, or fitness to perform the duties of a guardian of the property of a minor. Examples of such crimes include:
- 사기
- 강요
- 도용
- 위조
- 위증
- 절도
법률 읽기: Md. Code, 부동산 및 신탁 § 11-114; Criminal Law § 14-101
There are factors that the court may consider when determining whether there is good cause to appoint a person with a disqualifying offense as a guardian. Factors include:
- the nature of the offense;
- the time elapsed since the conviction;
- the conduct of the proposed guardian since the conviction
- the relationship, if any, between the proposed guardian and the minor; and,
- any special vulnerability of the minor.
Read the Rule: Md. Rule 10-113
미성년 자녀의 아버지가 누구인지 제3자가 모르는 경우에는 어떻게 하나요?
Where the father's identity is unknown, the third party may file a motion asking the court to waive the notice requirement.
The third party will have to provide proof of efforts to locate the father. The court may allow service by posting or publication.
What if the third party cannot find the child’s parents?
Where the parents' identity is unknown, the third party may file a motion asking the court to waive the notice requirement.
The third party will have to provide the court with proof of efforts to locate the parents. The court may allow service by posting or publication. 파티 찾기에 대해 자세히 알아보기.
후견 명령
후견 명령이란 무엇입니까?
The guardianship order is the court order that appoints you as the minor’s guardian. Read this document carefully. The court’s order lists your powers and responsibilities as a guardian. The order also serves as proof to others of your appointment and authority as guardian.
후견 명령에 포함되지 않은 일을 하고 싶은 경우 어떻게 됩니까?
Ask the court for permission 전에 performing any action that is not authorized in the guardianship order. Make sure you ask the court for permission in writing.
후견인이 되기 위한 정보나 교육은 어디서 찾을 수 있나요?
XNUMXD덴탈의 메릴랜드 법원 웹사이트 예비 후견인과 임명된 후견인에 대한 광범위한 정보를 보유하고 있습니다. 메릴랜드 규칙은 또한 법원이 지정한 후견인에 대한 지침을 제공합니다.
Read the Rules: Appendices: 법원이 지정한 개인 후견인에 대한 지침, Guidelines for Court-Appointed Guardians of the Property
사회 복지 및 혜택
복지 수당이나 의료 지원과 같은 사회 복지 혜택을 받으려면 후견인이 필요합니까?
This depends. Guardianship is not required to obtain social service benefits, such as welfare payments. Guardianship is also not required to get 의료 지원, where the third party is a blood relative to the minor and the minor is living with them. Contact 사회 복지학과 for assistance in determining to what benefits the minor is entitled.
사회 복지부가 제3자에게 복지 수표를 발행하는 경우, 이는 제3자가 후견권이나 양육권을 갖는다는 것을 의미합니까?
아니요, 사회 복지국에서는 후견권이나 양육권을 부여할 수 없습니다.
후견인이 사망할 경우 자녀가 사회보장 혜택을 받을 자격이 있습니까?
후견인 자격은 후견인 사망 시 자녀가 사회보장 혜택을 받을 수 있는 자격을 부여하지 않습니다.
후견인의 수정 및 종료
후견인 자격을 수정할 수 있나요?
Yes. A court order modifying the prior order must be entered. The parties can file a consent to the modification, or the court can enter the order after a hearing.
후견인은 언제 끝나나요? 후견인 자격이 종료될 수 있나요?
For minors without a disability, the guardianship ends when the minor turns 18, becomes emancipated, or dies. For minors with a disability who turn 18, you or another interested person can file for guardianship of an alleged disabled person. A guardianship of the property can end when there are no more assets in the guardianship estate that need a guardian’s management.
When any of these events occur, you file a petition for termination within 45 days of the event. You can file a motion to terminate the guardianship of the person, the property, or both.
A guardianship can also be terminated for certain other reasons. The parties can file a consent to the termination, or the court can enter the order after a hearing. There are notice requirements for interested parties.
Read the rule: Md. Rule 10-209, 규칙 10-710
보호자를 삭제할 수 있나요?
Yes. The court MUST remove a guardian who has:
- willfully misrepresented material facts leading to their appointment or to other action by the court in reference to the fiduciary estate;
- 법원의 명령을 고의로 무시한 경우
- shown themselves incapable, with or without fault, to perform the duties of their office properly; or,
- breached their duty of good faith or loyalty in the management of property of the fiduciary estate.
법정 5 월 remove a guardian who has:
- negligently failed to file a bond within the time required by rule or order of the court;
- negligently failed to obey an order of the court; or,
- failed to perform any fiduciary duty or to administer the fiduciary estate competently.
Read the law: Md. Code, Estates and Trusts Article § 15-112
“이해관계자”는 법원에 후견인 해임 청원서를 제출할 수도 있습니다.
Read the rules: Md. Rule 10-208, 규칙 10-712
보호자가 사임할 수 있나요?
예, 개인, 재산 또는 둘 다의 후견인직을 사임하기 위해 법원에 사임 청원서를 제출할 수 있습니다. 귀하의 청원에는 사직 이유가 포함되어야 합니다. 또한 대리 또는 후임 후견인 지정을 요청할 수도 있습니다. 이해관계자에 대한 통지 요건이 있습니다. 후견인의 사임은 법원이 사임을 수락하는 명령을 내릴 때까지 후견직을 종료하지 않습니다.